The term “artificial selection” was expressed by the Persian scientist Abu Rayhan Biruni in the 11th century. Charles Darwin also used this term in his work on natural selection. He noted that many domesticated animals and plants had properties that were developed by:
- · Intentional breeding among individuals with desirable characteristics; and
- · Discouraging the breeding of individual of individuals with less desirable characteristics.
Artificial selection means international breeding between individuals for certain traits, or combination of traits. Selection breeding has revolutionized agricultural and livestock production throughout the world.
Animals or plants having desirable characteristics are selected for breeding. In this way, many ne generations with desirable characteristics are produced. In artificial selection, the bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plats are known as varieties or cultivars.
Numerous breeds of sheep, goat, cow, hen etc. have been produced by artificial selection to increase the production of wool, meat, milk, eggs etc.
Similarly many plant varieties (cultivars) have been produced for better quantity and quality of cereals, fruits and vegetables.
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