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Genes consist of DNA. They contain specific instruction for protein synthesises. In order to know the nature and working of genes, we will have to study chromosomes in detail.
The body cells have a constant number of paired chromosomes. The two chromosomes of pair are known as homologous chromosomes. In human’s body cells, there is 23 pair of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. We may recall that during meiosis, the two members of each chromosomes pair separate and each of them enters one gamete.
Chromosome is made of chromatin material. Chromatin is a complex material, made of DNA and protein. DNA wraps around his tone protein and forms round structures Called nucleosomes. DNA is also present between nucleosomes. In this way, the nucleosomes and the DNA between them look like “beads on a string”. The fibres consisting of nucleosomes condense into compact forms and get the structure of chromosomes.
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